The Cellular Yagi Antenna Explained

Explained: Frequency Gain, Cell Phone Signal Distance,Your Frequency : To determine whether you need a
Cell Phone Frequencies, Finding your Cell Phone800 or 1900 MHz yagi, go to and click "Find Your
Tower LocationFrequency".
The Cellular Yagi AntennaYour Tower Location: Since the yagi antenna needs
One of the most frequent questions we get is aboutto point towards your service providers tower, you
the cellular yagi antenna, which is used in rural/remoteneed to know where it is. There are three easy
locations to get a strong cell phone signal, extend cellways to find the cell phone tower location. They are:
phone signal, and works with most cellular wireless1. If the location where the yagi is to be used is not
repeater systems for buildings.blocked by trees or taller buildings around it, just walk
Like a lot of things on the internet it gets confusingaround the building's perimeter with your cell phone.
going from site to site with each one seeminglyThe side of the building with the strongest signal
giving different information and claiming there's is thereading is usually the direction of your tower.
best. We've taken the time to explain it, without2. Call your service provider's customer service and
trying to make an engineer out of the reader.ask. If they won't give it to you, don't argue. Simply
This will allow you to compare yagi's "apples tohang up and radial. The next person is likely to say
apples".they are happy to give the tower location to you.
The yagi antenna : The most common directional cell3. Mount the antenna, connect it into the cell phone
phone signal booster antenna is known as just theor laptop air card's external antenna port, if it is
yagi or yagi cell phone antenna.  It is named after itsequipped with one. Then turn the yagi in 10 degree
inventor, who created it in 1908. It is the antenna ofincrements until you have the strongest signal. To do
choice with most cellular signal professionals whenthis you will need the correct adapter that allows the
needing high, consistent performance.antenna's cable to plug into the cell phone or air card.
Yagi Antennas are generally used as outside, orTo find the correct antenna adapter or to view
"donor" antennas. Yagi's for cell phone use areexamples of cell phone external antenna port
normally single band, meaning they are engineeredlocations Click Here.
and made to work for 800 MHz or 1900 MHz, butNOTE: You cannot hold a yagi antenna to attempt to
not both. Some Internet sellers claim to have dualtune it in. To tune the yagi antenna, it should be
band yagi antennas, but the ones tested by twomounted on a metal pole where you plan to
major antenna manufacturers we deal with havepermanently use it. You must completely remove
found that one of the two signals suffers. This isyour hand each time you turn the yagi and wait 5-10
because antennas for lower frequencies need moreseconds before looking for a signal strength change. 
surface area than higher frequencies.Using the phone test mode can help you to find your
A yagi antenna is made with a number of verticalcell phone tower location / direction as well.
bars, or elements mounted onto a longer horizontalPhone Test Modes : Many cell phones can be put into
bar. A drawing of a typical yagi antenna is shown"field test" mode for signal strength testing. This
below:allows you to read the signal strength in decibels
instead of bars. You can get to "field test" mode
Yagi antennas cannot receive or transmit a signalwith just a few key strokes.
from the side or rear, only the front.dBi vs. dB: TheseNOTE : The signal strength is shown as a negative
are designations used in describing the amount ofnumber; it will have a minus sign in front. Therefore,
gain an antenna offers above the current signalthe lower the number, the stronger the signal. So -75
strength of the device to be used, like a cell phone.indicates a stronger signal than -85.
dBi is always two numbers higher than dB. Therefore,To find the menu to put your cell phone or PDA into
a 13 dBi antenna has the same gain as an 11 dBfield test mode go to then click "Technical Support".
antenna. The designation used is simply at theSignal Distance : If mounted properly, with
discretion of the user. This is important to know soline-of-sight to the signal (not necessarily the tower)
that you can compare "apples to apples" whenyou seek a high gain yagi antenna will send and
comparison shopping.receive signals for miles.
Gain: Because of the nature of radio frequencyYou can expect even higher performance when a
signals most yagi antennas generate a maximum ofhigh gain yagi antenna, like the 13 dBi gain Wilson
13 dBi gain. Additional gain achievement quickly301111 is used with a Wilson direct connect 3 watt
reaches a point of diminishing returns.amplifier .
Example: A typical 800 MHz 13 dBi yagi is about 32Example: Our customers successfully use the type
inches long. To achieve a 2 dBi increase, to 15dBi, theapplications 25-30 miles offshore in the Gulf of Mexico
surface area (length) has to be approximatelyand for numerous other remote applications.
doubled.Yagi antennas are often the antenna of choice when
Therefore, beware of claims of more than 13 dBi forusing a wireless repeater system like the Wilson
yagi antennas made for use at the 800 MHz and801245 Small Office Home Office System and the
1900 MHz frequencies.Wilson 801106 wireless repeater system for large and
Applications: Yagi antennas are generally poleor weaker outside signal applications .
mounted and elevated, to get over obstacles thatType of Coax Cable Needed: The type and length of
block the line-of-sight. One reason they are so highlycoax cable that should be used with any cell phone
recommended is that the high gain allows them to besignal booster antenna, air card and/or amplifier is
elevated without causing significant gain loss do todependent upon the frequency that the antenna
the use of longer lengths of coax cable usuallyoperates. The factors to determining the type and
needed to pole mount the antenna.length of coax cable that should be used are as
Example: LMR400 coax cable (Wilson 9913) loses fourfollows:
tenths of a dB per ten feet at 850 MHz. So a fifty1. RG8X Coax should not be used in 1900 MHz
foot length loses a total of 2 dB's. 9 dB is still availableapplications. It should not be used in lengths of over
to the connected device (cell phone, etc.) as the netforty feet when used at 800 MHz. It is double
gain from a 11 dB gain antenna.shielded, is considered low loss cable, but it still loses
The extra gain of the yagi is necessary for many7.7 dB per one hundred feet at 800 MHz.
rural and remote applications. Most repeater systemsLMR400 Coax should be used with all 1900 MHz
use this cable to get as much signal to the amplifierapplications, most wireless repeater (booster)
as possible.systems and lengths of over forty feet at 800MHz.