The Invention of Cell Phones

Images of old cell phones from the 90s are a surefirewas credited with making the first ever call on a
way to spark laughter-they are big, cumbersome,portable cell phone-a privilege he enjoyed as its chief
and look ridiculously outdated compared to the smallcreator. Ironically, the first call was made to the head
gizmos we have today. So it should be surprising toof research labs at Bell, their chief competitor.
learn that the first conception of crude, mobilePerhaps this was actually fitting since Bell was
phones actually dates all the way back to 1947.responsible for inventing the crude mobile phone that
Researchers tried to evolve the technology used inwas designed to be used in police cars in the 40s.
walkie talkies. They realized that by using small cellsFour years later, Bell created a prototype that was
instead of relying on single frequencies they couldused on trial in Chicago by up to two thousand
reuse the same frequencies, and thereby dramaticallypeople. Two years after that, in a completely
increase the traffic capacity. In other words, the initialunrelated venture, a separate operation was
kernel of invention was present, but unfortunately itsundertaken in Tokyo. There was considerable
potential was halted.international buzz about the new technology as it
The FCC (the organization in the U.S which regulateswent from being something existing only in science
anything to do with broadcasting or sending televisionfiction to something that would appear imminently.
or radio waves) blocked AT & T's request toIn 1981 Motorola joined with American Radio
allocate a large number of radio spectrumTelephone to start a second U.S. cellular telephone
frequencies. This would have provided thesystem test in Washington and Buffalo. The
groundwork for widespread cell phone use and wouldmovement was gaining momentum, and by 1982 the
have given AT & T incentive to further develop theFCC finally authorized commercial cellular services for
technology. Under the strict FCC regulations of thethe United States. Ameritech made the first
time, airwaves only allowed for twenty-three phoneAmerican commercial analog cellular service available in
conversations to take place at any given time. ThisChicago. Still, the technology was expensive and it
mentality was symbolic of the limited understandingwas far from being as accessible as phones are
of cell phone technology's potential. In hindsight ittoday. But by 1987 cellular phone subscribers
looks like a boneheaded decision, but it should beexceeded one million and airways were crowded.
remembered that this was 1947, so the FCC shouldThe 90s brought on a new wave of cell phone
be at least partially excused for not understandingtechnology that ushered in the modern era where
the full implications of modern communicationsone belongs to the average person. Yes, those big
technology. Still though, the idea lay buried for90s clunkers look old, but who would have believed
decades.that the cell phone was actually conceived of so
It wasn't until 1973 when Dr. Martin Cooper, formermany decades ago?
general manager of the Systems division at Motorola,